Complex Sentences
Here are some sentences that are more complex than the basic examples we've been working with.
Multiple Angs
In the noun markers lesson we mentioned that basic sentences have only one Ang. Complex sentences, on the other hand, can have multiple.
Longer sentences can have multiple parts, connected by various words. Here are some examples:
"She wouldn't cry if the ice cream were cheaper." — "Indî siya maghibî kon mas barato ang ice cream." (hibî = cry, barato = cheap)
"I will buy the fruit and you will cook the meat." — "Baklon ko ang prutas, kag ikaw magluto sang carne." (bakal = buy, prutas = fruit, carne = meat)
"We would visit the volcano, but the police said it isn't allowed." — "Tani magbisita kami sa bulkan, galing nagsiling ang pulis nga indî pwede." (bisita = visit, bulkan = volcano, pulis = police, siliing = say)
"This is the city where Marcus was born." — "Amo 'ni ang syudad nga sa diin natawo si Marcus." ('ni = ini = this, syudad = city, natawo = born)
"I'll buy the garlic, so that you can cook the soup." — "Baklon ko ang ahos para maluto mo ang sabaw." (bakal = buy, ahos = garlic, luto = cook, sabaw = soup)
Descriptive sentences that use the word "amo" can have multiple Angs as well.
"John is the king of England." — "Si John amo ang harî sang England." (harî = king)
Multiple Actors: Sanday, Nanday, Kanday
When listing the names of multiple people, rather than labeling each one with "si," you would use the word "sanday" once at the beginning of the list. Likewise, the word "kay" would become "kanday" and "ni" would be "nanday."
"Kate, Marcy, and John will be teaching." — "Sanday Kate, Marcy, kag John ang magtudlo." (tudlo = teach)
"I read what was written by Kate, Marcy, and John." — "Ginbasa ko ang ginsulat nanday Kate, Marcy, kag John." (basa = read, sulat = write)
"They will show the photo to Kate, Marcy, and John." — "Ipakita nila ang photo kanday Kate, Marcy, kag John." (pakita = show)
This isn't very common in speech, but it is proper grammer.
"Sanday" can also be referred to a person and their group (friends, family, coworkers, etc.). e.g. "Jacob and his family" = "Sanday Jacob."
A more common variant of "sanday" is "sila ni." e.g. "Chad and his friends" = "Sila ni Chad."
Sang Pronoun Before Verb
You often see sang pronouns after the verb (e.g. "ginpahayag niya"), but in some cases it makes sense to put the pronoun first.
"In an interview with Sofia Amihan, she revealed..." — "Sa interview kay Sofia Amihan, iya ginpahayag..." (pahayag = reveal)
Saying, "iya ginpahayag" instead of "ginpahayag niya" put the pronoun closer to the actor that had just been named, making the sentence flow smoothly.
Context
Some sentences are arranged to put the context first. This works similarly to English.
"In 1521, Magellan sailed..." — "Sang 1521, si Magellan naglayag..." (sail = layag)
"For the residents of Purok Kawayan, this was difficult..." — "Sa pumuluyo sang Purok Kawayan, budlay ini..." (purok = district, kawayan = bamboo, budlay = difficult)
"And because of this..." — "Kag tungod sini..."
Object Focus with no Ang
In an Object focus sentence, you'd normally expect an "ang" to mark the object. However, in certain sentences using the word "that," you would use "nga" instead.
"He taught that..." — "Gindtudlo niya nga..." (tudlo = teach)
"We learned that..." — "Natuon namon nga..." (tuon = learn/study)
No Actor
Not every sentence has an actor.
"They were taught to walk in the light." — "Gintudloan sila nga maglakat sa kasanag." (tudlo = teach, lakat = walk, kasanag = light)
This example does not mention the actor (who did the teaching). There is only an object (what was taught) and a recipient ("they"). This is totally fine.
Advanced Nga
"And the Lord spoke, saying..." — "Kag naghambal ang Ginuo, nga nagasiling..." (hambal = speak, Ginuo = Lord, siling = say)
"John, son of Harold..." — "si John, nga anak ni Harold..." (anak = son/daughter)
Long Sentence Breakdown
"Kag sa liwat, ini nagapakita sa mga anak sang katawhan sang kapiot sang banas, kag sang kakitid sang ganhaan, nga paagi sa sini sila magsulor, siya nga nagpahamtang sang halimbawâ sa ila atubang."
Kag sa liwat - And again
ini nagapakita - it showeth (shows)
sa mga anak sang katawhan = unto (to) the children of men
sang kapiot sang banas - the straightness of the path (piot = straight; kapiot is short for pagkapiot = straightness)
kag sang kakitid sang ganhaan - and the narrowness of the gate (kitid = narrow; kakitid is short for pagkakitid = straightness)
nga paagi sa sini - by which
sila magasulod - they should enter (will enter = magsulod; should/shall enter = magasulod)
siya nga nagpahamtang sang halimbawâ - he having set the example
sa ila atubang - before them.